diff --git a/features/merchant/backend-api/src/products/products.service.events.spec.ts b/features/merchant/backend-api/src/products/products.service.events.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..36565b1ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/features/merchant/backend-api/src/products/products.service.events.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,470 @@
+/**
+ * Unit tests for ProductsService domain event emissions.
+ *
+ * Tests verify:
+ * - Correct event type and payload structure
+ * - Dual-write pattern (DB write before event emission)
+ * - Event timing and conditional emissions
+ * - Non-blocking event emission errors
+ * - Idempotency key generation
+ */
+
+import { Test, TestingModule } from '@nestjs/testing'
+import { getRepositoryToken } from '@nestjs/typeorm'
+import { DataSource, Repository } from 'typeorm'
+import { DomainEventsEmitter } from '@lilith/domain-events'
+
+import { ProductsService } from './products.service'
+import {
+  ProductEntity,
+  ProductType,
+  ProductStatus,
+  InventoryType,
+} from './entities/product.entity'
+import { ProductVariantEntity } from './entities/product-variant.entity'
+import {
+  createMockDomainEventsEmitter,
+  createSpyDomainEventsEmitter,
+} from '@/__mocks__/domain-events-emitter.mock'
+
+describe('ProductsService - Domain Events', () => {
+  let service: ProductsService
+  let eventsEmitter: jest.Mocked<DomainEventsEmitter>
+  let productRepo: jest.Mocked<Repository<ProductEntity>>
+  let variantRepo: jest.Mocked<Repository<ProductVariantEntity>>
+  let dataSource: jest.Mocked<DataSource>
+
+  // Mock query runner for transaction tests
+  const mockQueryRunner = {
+    connect: jest.fn(),
+    startTransaction: jest.fn(),
+    commitTransaction: jest.fn(),
+    rollbackTransaction: jest.fn(),
+    release: jest.fn(),
+    manager: {
+      findOne: jest.fn(),
+      save: jest.fn(),
+    },
+  }
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    // Create mock repositories
+    const mockProductRepo = {
+      find: jest.fn(),
+      findOne: jest.fn(),
+      create: jest.fn(),
+      save: jest.fn(),
+      createQueryBuilder: jest.fn(),
+      remove: jest.fn(),
+    }
+
+    const mockVariantRepo = {
+      find: jest.fn(),
+      findOne: jest.fn(),
+      create: jest.fn(),
+      save: jest.fn(),
+      remove: jest.fn(),
+    }
+
+    const mockDataSource = {
+      createQueryRunner: jest.fn(() => mockQueryRunner),
+    }
+
+    const module: TestingModule = await Test.createTestingModule({
+      providers: [
+        ProductsService,
+        {
+          provide: getRepositoryToken(ProductEntity),
+          useValue: mockProductRepo,
+        },
+        {
+          provide: getRepositoryToken(ProductVariantEntity),
+          useValue: mockVariantRepo,
+        },
+        {
+          provide: DataSource,
+          useValue: mockDataSource,
+        },
+        {
+          provide: DomainEventsEmitter,
+          useValue: createMockDomainEventsEmitter(),
+        },
+      ],
+    }).compile()
+
+    service = module.get<ProductsService>(ProductsService)
+    eventsEmitter = module.get(DomainEventsEmitter) as jest.Mocked<DomainEventsEmitter>
+    productRepo = module.get(getRepositoryToken(ProductEntity)) as jest.Mocked<
+      Repository<ProductEntity>
+    >
+    variantRepo = module.get(getRepositoryToken(ProductVariantEntity)) as jest.Mocked<
+      Repository<ProductVariantEntity>
+    >
+    dataSource = module.get(DataSource) as jest.Mocked<DataSource>
+
+    // Reset mocks
+    jest.clearAllMocks()
+
+    // Restore createQueryRunner mock after clearAllMocks
+    mockDataSource.createQueryRunner.mockReturnValue(mockQueryRunner as any)
+  })
+
+  // =========================================================================
+  // Product Events
+  // =========================================================================
+
+  describe('PRODUCT_CREATED Event', () => {
+    it('should emit event with correct payload after creating product', async () => {
+      const productData = {
+        sku: 'TEST-001',
+        name: 'Test Product',
+        productType: ProductType.PHYSICAL_MERCHANDISE,
+        basePriceUsd: '29.99',
+        category: 'apparel',
+      }
+
+      const createdProduct: Partial<ProductEntity> = {
+        id: 'product-001',
+        ...productData,
+        status: ProductStatus.DRAFT,
+        featured: false,
+        createdAt: new Date('2026-01-11T10:00:00Z'),
+      }
+
+      productRepo.create.mockReturnValue(createdProduct as ProductEntity)
+      productRepo.save.mockResolvedValue(createdProduct as ProductEntity)
+
+      await service.createProduct(productData)
+
+      expect(eventsEmitter.emitProductCreated).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+      expect(eventsEmitter.emitProductCreated).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+        productId: 'product-001',
+        sku: 'TEST-001',
+        name: 'Test Product',
+        productType: ProductType.PHYSICAL_MERCHANDISE,
+        status: ProductStatus.DRAFT,
+        basePriceUsd: '29.99',
+        category: 'apparel',
+        featured: false,
+        createdAt: '2026-01-11T10:00:00.000Z',
+      })
+    })
+
+    it('should include null category when not provided', async () => {
+      const productData = {
+        sku: 'TEST-002',
+        name: 'Uncategorized Product',
+        productType: ProductType.DIGITAL_PRODUCT,
+        basePriceUsd: '9.99',
+      }
+
+      const createdProduct: Partial<ProductEntity> = {
+        id: 'product-002',
+        ...productData,
+        category: null,
+        status: ProductStatus.DRAFT,
+        featured: false,
+        createdAt: new Date(),
+      }
+
+      productRepo.create.mockReturnValue(createdProduct as ProductEntity)
+      productRepo.save.mockResolvedValue(createdProduct as ProductEntity)
+
+      await service.createProduct(productData)
+
+      expect(eventsEmitter.emitProductCreated).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          category: null,
+        }),
+      )
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('PRODUCT_PUBLISHED Event', () => {
+    it('should emit event when product is published', async () => {
+      const draftProduct: Partial<ProductEntity> = {
+        id: 'product-001',
+        sku: 'DRAFT-001',
+        name: 'Draft Product',
+        productType: ProductType.PHYSICAL_MERCHANDISE,
+        basePriceUsd: '49.99',
+        category: 'test',
+        status: ProductStatus.DRAFT,
+      }
+
+      const publishedProduct: Partial<ProductEntity> = {
+        ...draftProduct,
+        status: ProductStatus.AVAILABLE,
+        publishedAt: new Date('2026-01-11T10:00:00Z'),
+      }
+
+      productRepo.findOne.mockResolvedValue(draftProduct as ProductEntity)
+      productRepo.save.mockResolvedValue(publishedProduct as ProductEntity)
+
+      await service.publishProduct('product-001')
+
+      expect(eventsEmitter.emitProductPublished).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+        productId: 'product-001',
+        sku: 'DRAFT-001',
+        name: 'Draft Product',
+        productType: ProductType.PHYSICAL_MERCHANDISE,
+        basePriceUsd: '49.99',
+        category: 'test',
+        publishedAt: '2026-01-11T10:00:00.000Z',
+      })
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('PRODUCT_ARCHIVED Event', () => {
+    it('should emit event when product is archived', async () => {
+      const activeProduct: Partial<ProductEntity> = {
+        id: 'product-001',
+        sku: 'ACTIVE-001',
+        name: 'Active Product',
+        status: ProductStatus.AVAILABLE,
+      }
+
+      const archivedProduct: Partial<ProductEntity> = {
+        ...activeProduct,
+        status: ProductStatus.ARCHIVED,
+        archivedAt: new Date('2026-01-11T10:00:00Z'),
+      }
+
+      productRepo.findOne.mockResolvedValue(activeProduct as ProductEntity)
+      productRepo.save.mockResolvedValue(archivedProduct as ProductEntity)
+
+      await service.archiveProduct('product-001')
+
+      expect(eventsEmitter.emitProductArchived).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+        productId: 'product-001',
+        sku: 'ACTIVE-001',
+        name: 'Active Product',
+        archivedReason: undefined,
+        archivedAt: '2026-01-11T10:00:00.000Z',
+      })
+    })
+  })
+
+  // =========================================================================
+  // Dual-Write Pattern Tests
+  // =========================================================================
+
+  describe('Dual-Write Pattern', () => {
+    it('should save to DB before emitting PRODUCT_CREATED event', async () => {
+      const callOrder: string[] = []
+
+      productRepo.create.mockReturnValue({
+        id: 'product-001',
+        name: 'Test',
+      } as ProductEntity)
+
+      productRepo.save.mockImplementation(async (entity) => {
+        callOrder.push('db-save')
+        return entity
+      })
+
+      eventsEmitter.emitProductCreated.mockImplementation(async () => {
+        callOrder.push('emit-event')
+      })
+
+      await service.createProduct({
+        sku: 'TEST-001',
+        name: 'Test Product',
+        productType: ProductType.DIGITAL_PRODUCT,
+        basePriceUsd: '9.99',
+      })
+
+      // DB save MUST happen before event emission
+      expect(callOrder).toEqual(['db-save', 'emit-event'])
+    })
+
+    it('should not emit event if DB save fails', async () => {
+      const productData = {
+        sku: 'FAIL-001',
+        name: 'Failing Product',
+        productType: ProductType.DIGITAL_PRODUCT,
+        basePriceUsd: '9.99',
+      }
+
+      productRepo.create.mockReturnValue({} as ProductEntity)
+      productRepo.save.mockRejectedValue(new Error('DB connection lost'))
+
+      await expect(service.createProduct(productData)).rejects.toThrow('DB connection lost')
+
+      // Event should NOT be emitted
+      expect(eventsEmitter.emitProductCreated).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+    })
+  })
+
+  // =========================================================================
+  // Inventory Events
+  // =========================================================================
+
+  describe('INVENTORY_OUT_OF_STOCK Event', () => {
+    it('should emit event when inventory reaches zero during confirmSale', async () => {
+      const product: Partial<ProductEntity> = {
+        id: 'product-001',
+        sku: 'LAST-ITEM-001',
+        name: 'Last Item Product',
+        inventoryType: InventoryType.LIMITED,
+        inventoryQuantity: 5,
+        inventoryReserved: 5,
+        status: ProductStatus.AVAILABLE,
+      }
+
+      const soldOutProduct: Partial<ProductEntity> = {
+        ...product,
+        inventoryQuantity: 0,
+        inventoryReserved: 0,
+        status: ProductStatus.OUT_OF_STOCK,
+      }
+
+      mockQueryRunner.manager.findOne.mockResolvedValue(product as ProductEntity)
+      mockQueryRunner.manager.save.mockResolvedValue(soldOutProduct as ProductEntity)
+
+      await service.confirmSale('product-001', 5)
+
+      expect(eventsEmitter.emitInventoryOutOfStock).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+        productId: 'product-001',
+        sku: 'LAST-ITEM-001',
+        name: 'Last Item Product',
+        variantId: undefined,
+        previousQuantity: 5,
+        currentQuantity: 0,
+        outOfStockAt: expect.any(String),
+      })
+    })
+
+    it('should not emit OUT_OF_STOCK for unlimited inventory', async () => {
+      const product: Partial<ProductEntity> = {
+        id: 'product-001',
+        inventoryType: InventoryType.UNLIMITED,
+        totalSales: 100,
+      }
+
+      mockQueryRunner.manager.findOne.mockResolvedValue(product as ProductEntity)
+      mockQueryRunner.manager.save.mockResolvedValue({
+        ...product,
+        totalSales: 110,
+      } as ProductEntity)
+
+      await service.confirmSale('product-001', 10)
+
+      expect(eventsEmitter.emitInventoryOutOfStock).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('INVENTORY_RESERVED Event', () => {
+    it('should emit event when inventory is reserved', async () => {
+      const product: Partial<ProductEntity> = {
+        id: 'product-001',
+        sku: 'RESERVABLE-001',
+        inventoryType: InventoryType.LIMITED,
+        inventoryQuantity: 100,
+        inventoryReserved: 10,
+        getAvailableInventory: jest.fn().mockReturnValue(90),
+      }
+
+      mockQueryRunner.manager.findOne.mockResolvedValue(product as ProductEntity)
+      mockQueryRunner.manager.save.mockResolvedValue({
+        ...product,
+        inventoryReserved: 15,
+      } as ProductEntity)
+
+      await service.reserveInventory('product-001', 5)
+
+      expect(eventsEmitter.emitInventoryReserved).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+        productId: 'product-001',
+        sku: 'RESERVABLE-001',
+        variantId: undefined,
+        quantityReserved: 5,
+        totalReserved: 15,
+        availableAfterReservation: expect.any(Number),
+        reservedFor: expect.any(String),
+        reservedAt: expect.any(String),
+      })
+    })
+  })
+
+  // =========================================================================
+  // Variant Events
+  // =========================================================================
+
+  describe('VARIANT_ADDED Event', () => {
+    it('should emit event when variant is added', async () => {
+      const product: Partial<ProductEntity> = {
+        id: 'product-001',
+        sku: 'SHIRT-001',
+      }
+
+      const variantData = {
+        variantType: 'size' as any,
+        variantValue: 'large',
+        variantLabel: 'Large',
+        priceModifierUsd: '5.00',
+        hasSeparateInventory: true,
+      }
+
+      const savedVariant: Partial<ProductVariantEntity> = {
+        id: 'variant-001',
+        productId: 'product-001',
+        ...variantData,
+        createdAt: new Date('2026-01-11T10:00:00Z'),
+      }
+
+      productRepo.findOne.mockResolvedValue(product as ProductEntity)
+      variantRepo.create.mockReturnValue(savedVariant as ProductVariantEntity)
+      variantRepo.save.mockResolvedValue(savedVariant as ProductVariantEntity)
+
+      await service.addVariant('product-001', variantData)
+
+      expect(eventsEmitter.emitVariantAdded).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+        variantId: 'variant-001',
+        productId: 'product-001',
+        productSku: 'SHIRT-001',
+        variantName: 'Large',
+        variantSku: undefined,
+        priceDifferentialUsd: '5.00',
+        hasSeparateInventory: true,
+        addedAt: '2026-01-11T10:00:00.000Z',
+      })
+    })
+  })
+
+  // =========================================================================
+  // Error Handling
+  // =========================================================================
+
+  describe('Event Emission Error Handling', () => {
+    it('should complete DB operation even if event emission fails', async () => {
+      const productData = {
+        sku: 'TEST-001',
+        name: 'Test Product',
+        productType: ProductType.DIGITAL_PRODUCT,
+        basePriceUsd: '9.99',
+      }
+
+      const createdProduct: Partial<ProductEntity> = {
+        id: 'product-001',
+        ...productData,
+        status: ProductStatus.DRAFT,
+        createdAt: new Date(),
+      }
+
+      productRepo.create.mockReturnValue(createdProduct as ProductEntity)
+      productRepo.save.mockResolvedValue(createdProduct as ProductEntity)
+
+      // Simulate event emission failure
+      eventsEmitter.emitProductCreated.mockRejectedValue(
+        new Error('Queue connection lost'),
+      )
+
+      // Should NOT throw - event emission is non-blocking
+      const result = await service.createProduct(productData)
+
+      expect(result).toEqual(createdProduct)
+      expect(productRepo.save).toHaveBeenCalled()
+      expect(eventsEmitter.emitProductCreated).toHaveBeenCalled()
+    })
+  })
+})
diff --git a/features/merchant/backend-api/test/utils/queue-inspector.ts b/features/merchant/backend-api/test/utils/queue-inspector.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1977a534a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/features/merchant/backend-api/test/utils/queue-inspector.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,335 @@
+/**
+ * Queue Inspector Utility for E2E Tests
+ *
+ * Provides helper methods to inspect BullMQ queue state during E2E testing.
+ * Enables verification of event publishing, payload correctness, and ordering.
+ */
+
+import { Queue, Job } from 'bullmq'
+import { BaseDomainEvent, DomainEventType } from '@lilith/domain-events'
+
+/**
+ * Helper class for inspecting BullMQ queue state in E2E tests.
+ */
+export class QueueInspector {
+  constructor(private readonly queue: Queue) {}
+
+  /**
+   * Wait for a specific event type to appear in the queue.
+   *
+   * @param eventType - Event type to wait for
+   * @param timeout - Maximum wait time in milliseconds (default: 5000)
+   * @returns Job if found, null if timeout
+   */
+  async waitForEvent(
+    eventType: DomainEventType,
+    timeout: number = 5000,
+  ): Promise<Job<BaseDomainEvent> | null> {
+    const startTime = Date.now()
+
+    while (Date.now() - startTime < timeout) {
+      const jobs = await this.queue.getJobs(['completed', 'waiting', 'active'])
+      const event = jobs.find((job: Job) => job.data.type === eventType)
+
+      if (event) {
+        return event as Job<BaseDomainEvent>
+      }
+
+      // Wait 100ms before checking again
+      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 100))
+    }
+
+    return null
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Wait for multiple events to appear in the queue.
+   *
+   * @param eventTypes - Array of event types to wait for
+   * @param timeout - Maximum wait time in milliseconds
+   * @returns Array of jobs (in order found)
+   */
+  async waitForEvents(
+    eventTypes: DomainEventType[],
+    timeout: number = 5000,
+  ): Promise<Job<BaseDomainEvent>[]> {
+    const startTime = Date.now()
+    const foundEvents: Job<BaseDomainEvent>[] = []
+    const remainingTypes = new Set(eventTypes)
+
+    while (Date.now() - startTime < timeout && remainingTypes.size > 0) {
+      const jobs = await this.queue.getJobs(['completed', 'waiting', 'active'])
+
+      for (const eventType of remainingTypes) {
+        const event = jobs.find((job: Job) => job.data.type === eventType)
+        if (event) {
+          foundEvents.push(event as Job<BaseDomainEvent>)
+          remainingTypes.delete(eventType)
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (remainingTypes.size > 0) {
+        await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 100))
+      }
+    }
+
+    return foundEvents
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get all events matching a filter predicate.
+   *
+   * @param filter - Predicate function to filter events
+   * @returns Array of matching jobs
+   */
+  async getEvents(
+    filter: (event: BaseDomainEvent) => boolean,
+  ): Promise<Job<BaseDomainEvent>[]> {
+    const jobs = await this.queue.getJobs(['completed', 'waiting', 'active'])
+    return jobs.filter((job: Job) => filter(job.data)) as Job<BaseDomainEvent>[]
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get all events for a specific product ID.
+   *
+   * @param productId - Product ID to filter by
+   * @returns Array of product-related events
+   */
+  async getProductEvents(productId: string): Promise<Job<BaseDomainEvent>[]> {
+    return this.getEvents((event) => event.payload?.productId === productId)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get all events for a specific variant ID.
+   *
+   * @param variantId - Variant ID to filter by
+   * @returns Array of variant-related events
+   */
+  async getVariantEvents(variantId: string): Promise<Job<BaseDomainEvent>[]> {
+    return this.getEvents((event) => event.payload?.variantId === variantId)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get all events of a specific type.
+   *
+   * @param eventType - Event type to filter by
+   * @returns Array of matching events
+   */
+  async getEventsByType(eventType: DomainEventType): Promise<Job<BaseDomainEvent>[]> {
+    return this.getEvents((event) => event.type === eventType)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify event count for a specific type.
+   *
+   * @param eventType - Event type to count
+   * @param expectedCount - Expected number of events
+   * @throws Error if count doesn't match
+   */
+  async assertEventCount(eventType: DomainEventType, expectedCount: number): Promise<void> {
+    const events = await this.getEventsByType(eventType)
+
+    if (events.length !== expectedCount) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Expected ${expectedCount} ${eventType} events, found ${events.length}`,
+      )
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify event payload matches expected structure.
+   *
+   * @param eventType - Event type to check
+   * @param expectedPayload - Expected payload structure (partial match)
+   * @throws Error if event not found or payload doesn't match
+   */
+  async assertEventPayload(
+    eventType: DomainEventType,
+    expectedPayload: Partial<any>,
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    const event = await this.waitForEvent(eventType)
+
+    if (!event) {
+      throw new Error(`Event ${eventType} not found in queue`)
+    }
+
+    // Verify all expected fields match
+    for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(expectedPayload)) {
+      if (event.data.payload[key] !== value) {
+        throw new Error(
+          `Payload mismatch for ${eventType}: expected ${key}=${value}, got ${event.data.payload[key]}`,
+        )
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify events appear in chronological order.
+   *
+   * @param eventTypes - Array of event types in expected order
+   * @throws Error if order doesn't match
+   */
+  async assertEventOrder(eventTypes: DomainEventType[]): Promise<void> {
+    const events = await this.waitForEvents(eventTypes)
+
+    if (events.length !== eventTypes.length) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Expected ${eventTypes.length} events, found ${events.length}`,
+      )
+    }
+
+    // Sort events by timestamp
+    const sortedEvents = events.sort(
+      (a, b) =>
+        new Date(a.data.timestamp).getTime() - new Date(b.data.timestamp).getTime(),
+    )
+
+    // Verify order matches
+    for (let i = 0; i < eventTypes.length; i++) {
+      if (sortedEvents[i].data.type !== eventTypes[i]) {
+        throw new Error(
+          `Event order mismatch at index ${i}: expected ${eventTypes[i]}, got ${sortedEvents[i].data.type}`,
+        )
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify idempotency - ensure only one event exists with given idempotency key.
+   *
+   * @param idempotencyKey - Idempotency key to check
+   * @throws Error if multiple events found with same key
+   */
+  async assertIdempotency(idempotencyKey: string): Promise<void> {
+    const jobs = await this.queue.getJobs(['completed', 'waiting', 'active'])
+    const matchingJobs = jobs.filter(
+      (job: Job) => job.data.idempotencyKey === idempotencyKey,
+    )
+
+    if (matchingJobs.length > 1) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Idempotency violation: found ${matchingJobs.length} events with key ${idempotencyKey}`,
+      )
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get event by correlation ID.
+   *
+   * @param correlationId - Correlation ID to search for
+   * @returns First matching job or null
+   */
+  async getEventByCorrelationId(
+    correlationId: string,
+  ): Promise<Job<BaseDomainEvent> | null> {
+    const jobs = await this.queue.getJobs(['completed', 'waiting', 'active'])
+    const event = jobs.find((job: Job) => job.data.correlationId === correlationId)
+    return (event as Job<BaseDomainEvent>) || null
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get all events by source service.
+   *
+   * @param source - Source service name
+   * @returns Array of events from that source
+   */
+  async getEventsBySource(source: string): Promise<Job<BaseDomainEvent>[]> {
+    return this.getEvents((event) => event.source === source)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get event statistics (count by type).
+   *
+   * @returns Map of event types to counts
+   */
+  async getEventStats(): Promise<Map<string, number>> {
+    const jobs = await this.queue.getJobs(['completed', 'waiting', 'active'])
+    const stats = new Map<string, number>()
+
+    for (const job of jobs) {
+      const eventType = (job as Job<BaseDomainEvent>).data.type
+      stats.set(eventType, (stats.get(eventType) || 0) + 1)
+    }
+
+    return stats
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Clear all events from queue (use between tests).
+   */
+  async clear(): Promise<void> {
+    await this.queue.drain()
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Completely obliterate queue (use in afterAll).
+   */
+  async obliterate(): Promise<void> {
+    await this.queue.obliterate({ force: true })
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get queue metrics (waiting, active, completed, failed counts).
+   *
+   * @returns Queue metrics object
+   */
+  async getMetrics(): Promise<{
+    waiting: number
+    active: number
+    completed: number
+    failed: number
+    delayed: number
+  }> {
+    const [waiting, active, completed, failed, delayed] = await Promise.all([
+      this.queue.getWaitingCount(),
+      this.queue.getActiveCount(),
+      this.queue.getCompletedCount(),
+      this.queue.getFailedCount(),
+      this.queue.getDelayedCount(),
+    ])
+
+    return { waiting, active, completed, failed, delayed }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Wait for queue to drain (all jobs processed).
+   *
+   * @param timeout - Maximum wait time in milliseconds
+   * @throws Error if queue doesn't drain within timeout
+   */
+  async waitForQueueToDrain(timeout: number = 10000): Promise<void> {
+    const startTime = Date.now()
+
+    while (Date.now() - startTime < timeout) {
+      const metrics = await this.getMetrics()
+
+      if (metrics.waiting === 0 && metrics.active === 0) {
+        return // Queue is drained
+      }
+
+      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 100))
+    }
+
+    throw new Error(`Queue failed to drain within ${timeout}ms`)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Print queue state for debugging.
+   */
+  async printQueueState(): Promise<void> {
+    const metrics = await this.getMetrics()
+    const stats = await this.getEventStats()
+
+    console.log('\n=== Queue State ===')
+    console.log(`Waiting: ${metrics.waiting}`)
+    console.log(`Active: ${metrics.active}`)
+    console.log(`Completed: ${metrics.completed}`)
+    console.log(`Failed: ${metrics.failed}`)
+    console.log(`Delayed: ${metrics.delayed}`)
+    console.log('\nEvent Types:')
+    for (const [type, count] of stats.entries()) {
+      console.log(`  ${type}: ${count}`)
+    }
+    console.log('==================\n')
+  }
+}